1. You look hot. What have you lot been doing (you/exercise)? - I (run). - Running in this oestrus? How far (you lot/run)? - About ten miles.
2. What�s the trouble? Y'all expect a bit preoccupied. - Yes, I (call back) nigh Helen. - Why? Is there something wrong with her? - Well, she (deed) so strangely lately. - In what manner? - Well, some days when she arrives at work, I know that she (cry). And she (make) private calls when we�re all out at lunch. I merely think that something�s going on. -...(y'all/talk) to her near information technology yet? - Yes, a few times, and each time she (say) that at that place�s nothing wrong but I�m not so sure.
iii. Where (y'all/be), Simon? - I (talk) to Mark on the telephone. He says he (try) to phone us all 24-hour interval. - Well, I (be) in most of the day just I (non hear) the telephone. - That�s strange. But anyway, he (have) a telephone call from Jackie�s mother and Jackie (be) in some kind of blow. It�south nil very serious but she�due south got to stay in hospital overnight. - Oh dear. ...(she/break) any basic? - I�m non quite sure how desperately she (be hurt), but I think nosotros should become and see her tonight.
Exercise 45
Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense: the present perfect or the nowadays perfect progressive.
1. Peter: You (phone) for ages. You not well-nigh (finish)?
Jack: I (non go) through withal. I (try) to get out Paris function but the line (be) engaged all morning.
2. Ann (fail) her driving test three times because she�s so bad at reversing. Simply she (practice) reversing for the terminal calendar week and I call up she (get) a bit better at information technology.
3. Tom: I oft (wonder) why Bill left the country so of a sudden.
Peter: Actually, I simply (find) out.
4. He (play) the bagpipes since six o�clock this forenoon. He but just (stop).
5. Tom (looking up absent-minded-mindedly as Mary comes in): You lot (sunbathe)?
Mary (crossly): Don�t exist ridiculous! It (pelting) all day!
vi. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last week. I (Watch them from my window since they began.
seven. Someone (use) my umbrella! It�s all wet! And it was moisture yesterday and the day before! -Well, it wasn�t me. I (not be) out of the house for a week.
8. The police (not find) the murderer yet, but the expressionless man�s brother (be) in the station all day. The police say that he (help) them with their enquiries.
9. They (pull) down about of the houses in this street, but they (not touch) the old shop at the corner yet.
10. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills but we *search) for half-dozen months and (not see) any sign of it.
11. I (wait) for the prices of the houses to come up downwards earlier buying a house, but I think I (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to get up once more.
12. Peter (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (wait) for a better postal service only so far he (non find) anything.
xiii. I (do) housework all morning and I (non stop) yet. - I (do) mine already. I e'er start at 6 a. one thousand.
14. I just (pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years but I never (accept) such a proficient crop before.
fifteen. What you (do) with the corkscrew? The point is broken off. - I�m afraid I (utilise) it to make holes in this tin.
xvi. She merely (sell) two of her own paintings. - She�southward lucky. I (paint) for five years and I (not sell) a single motion-picture show nonetheless.
17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next flat. - This (happen) earlier? - Well, they (have) a good many rows but this ios the first time they (throw) crockery.
xviii. What you (practice) with my typewriter? I can�t find information technology anywhere. - Tom simply (go) off with information technology. He says he�ll bring it back when he (finish).
19. He works for Crow Brothers for 40 years and never one time (be) late. The business firm but (present) him with a aureate watch as a sign of their appreciation.
20. Nosotros (mend) sheets all forenoon but we just (practice) 3, and now the sewing machine (break) down so we�ll exist even slower with the next one.
21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that east doesn�t know where to put them.
22. I (wait) through my old photo album. It�s total of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.
23. Information technology was lovely at 11 o�clock, simply since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I�m agape the fine spell (come) to an finish.
24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (eat) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?
25. Secretary: Customers (ring) up all morning lament about getting incorrect bills.
Managing director: I know; something (go) incorrect with our computer. The mechanic (work) on it. I hope he (find) out what is wrong.
Do 46
Put the verbs in brackets into the past elementary, present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
Andrew and Michael, two friends, are talking.
| A: | Hello, I haven�t seen (not see) you for ages. |
| One thousand: | No, it must be about two years since nosotros final (meet). What (you lot/do) with yourself? |
| A: | I (practice) all sorts of things. Life (be) very busy lately. I (start) a new job at the sailing centre. |
| Grand: | Really? Doing what? |
| A: | I (teach) beginners� courses to schoolhouse groups this term only when those (finish), I�ll be teaching more than advanced groups on holiday courses. |
| Grand: | That sounds bang-up. What nigh your old chore at the tourist part then? |
| A: | Well, I (work) in that location for x years and I quite (enjoy) the task but I (want) to do something different. I (e'er/savour) sailing in my spare fourth dimension then I (recollect) information technology would be nice to exercise it for a job. |
| M: | So how long (you/be) at the sailing eye? |
| A: | For about two months at present. I�m sure I (do) the right matter. Information technology�s a actually enjoyable chore. And what about you? |
| M: | Well, I�m withal at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (piece of work) there for 15 years now. Merely I (have) a promotion, so that�s good. They (requite) me the chore of head receptionist. |
| A: | Oh, that�south practiced news. |
| 1000: | Yeah, it (make) me feel much better most piece of work. I mean, I (do) a lot of different jobs at the hotel just I (never accept) a job with this much responsibility before. I (work) on the reception desk for four years when I (start) at the hotel - that was before they (motion) me into the office - merely I (be) simply a junior receptionist and then so I only (do) what I (be told) to do. |
| A: | So when (you/get) the new chore? |
| Thou: | A month ago, after (laissez passer) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while at present? |
| A: | No, I didn�t realise. |
| M: | Yes, I (determine) that I (cannot go) any further at piece of work without learning some languages. |
| A: | And then you did! What a practiced idea. |
Section 6. Past Perfect Progressive
Chart 16. Past PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Exercise 47
Put the verbs in brackets into the past elementary, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
He (place)a picture on the easel and (let) me look at it for a minute or two; then he (take) it downwards and (put) another in its identify. He (bear witness) me about xxx canvases. It (be) the outcome of the 6 years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a film. The canvases (be) of different sizes. The smaller (exist) pictures of still-life and the largest (be) the landscapes. There (exist) well-nigh half a dozen portraits.
Exercise 48
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
one. She (take) the package from me and (sit) downwards on the flooring to open it. His optics (smile) now. She (elevator) out the doll and (look) at me. �It�southward very pretty,� she (say).
ii. At that place (be) simply ane sound to be heard in the street, only no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) information technology than he (quicken) his pace at in one case.
3. She (turn) the light back on, (lie) on the sofa and (accept) upwardly the book she (read).
4. For a moment after the door (close) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino merely (stand) and (look) at each other.
5 He (let) the edge of the blind fall and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand) (walk) out of the room.
6. Nosotros (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to think of some possibility we (overlook).
seven. His secretarial assistant (accept) the paper from the table where he (put) it, and (go) out.
eight. It (be) near midnight when they (come up) in from dinner, still laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.
9. At that place (exist) a silence. Andrew (sit) still for a moment. The situation (exist) worse even that he (imagine).
ten. Lester (sit) downwardly in his easy-chair by the window afterwards his brother (go) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing metropolis.
eleven. She (get) to her feet, (sideslip) into her coat, and (go) to the door, when she (open) it, she (expect) back at her mother.
12. Irene (stand) by the piano, she (take) off her chapeau and a lace scarf she (wearable), and then that her gold-coloured hair (exist) visible.
13. Nosotros (shake) easily. I (feel) so shy that I could call up of nothing to say, merely Mrs. Manning (come) to my rescue. She (ask) me what I (exercise) with myself during the summer, and with this help I (manage) to make some conversation.
14. Information technology (be) two o�clock. Eliza (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. It (rain), the style it (rain) for days.
15. When Fleur and her father (go) upwardly, Michael (light) a cigarette and (pass) dorsum into the �parlour�. He (sit) down at the clavicord.
16. John (be) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a half years ago.
17. At this moment the mantle (get) up once again. Since Laurie Anderson (non announced), Soames (be) obliged to go along awake.
xviii. When he (reach) Andrew, whom he (see) one-half mode down the street, he (give) a theatrical start of recognition.
xix. Sue (expect) at me with those pleasant optics of hers, which (be) as sympathetic equally they (be) more than than twenty years before.
xx. They (gallop) back along the track. The sun (get) down even faster than he (recollect), the air (grow) cold, the light grey.
21. In his plough Jolyon (look) back at his son. He (want) to talk about many things that he (exist) unable to talk about all these years.
22. The instructor (rise) from her seat and (get) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (make).
23. They (drink) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).
24. She (exist) at the station later on all, continuing merely as he (imagine), apart from the others.
25. When she (finish) her simple tale, for she hardly (be) away from home, in that location (be) silence, till John (say): �Information technology�s half past seven just.�
26. He just (finish) his work and with a balmy sense of achievement (write) the label when the surgery bell (ring), the outer door (swing) open, and a brusk, powerfully thickest red-faced man of 30 (stroll) in, followed by a dog.
27. That evening Denny (arrive) every bit he (hope), for supper. He (bring) a message from Hope, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to get to London that evening.
Exercise 49
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect progressive.
1. Jack (clench) the pencil he (use).
2. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, there (exist) times she (cry).
three. Turning away, Gwen (motion) to close the closet Demerest (look) into.
iv. Through the open window he could see the chair where Eliza (sit) the previous night.
5. He (look) up over again later Mr. Oakroyd (stand up) at that place a minute of two.
6. He (sit down) down opposite her and (elevator) the large drinking glass of tomato juice out of the water ice in which it (residual).
seven. So he (heed) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her mind all the afternoon.
eight. Carefully she (close) the mag, turning downwardly the corner of the page that she (read).
Do 50
Put the verbs in brackets into the past unproblematic, past progressive and past perfect progressive.
1. That evening, that Monday evening, I (get) a phone call when I (eat) dinner at the guild.
2. My sister�due south birthday (be) the only thing anybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks.
3. I (go) back to the hotel and upward to my room, where I (expect) my parents at six-thirty.
4. Presently he (plough) to greet her, who (stand) at his elbow.
five. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (stop) abruptly.
6. He just (leave) for the airport when Dip (call).
seven. What are y'all thinking of? - he (enquire) after he (look) at me for a few seconds.
8. At nine in the morning she (stand) on the steps in front end of the hotel, shivering in a linen dress.
9. He (not say) where he (sleep) and (have) the appearance of not having slept at all.
Exercise 51
Put the verbs in brackets into the past unproblematic, past progressive, by perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. He (go out) a message that he (phone call).
2. A fellow who (stand up) on the pavement (come) forward.
3. She (meet) her daughter�s eyes, only (seem) not to hear what she (say).
4. A beau at whose feet she (sit), (rise) and (stand up) before Michael.
5. He again (come) to the hamlet where he (alive) in babyhood.
half-dozen. They (be) silent a moment. She (wait) for him to speak.
vii. James (return) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).
8. The town (be) not large, but he (non be) sorry he (come) here.
9. Michael (go) back into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand) nigh the window.
10. I (endeavor) to recall what I (do) during that fourth dimension.
11. When their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) without speaking.
12. When he (apparel) he (go) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and some other to his sister.
13. �You are welcome,� she (say) and (walk) dorsum to where she (sit) with her fiddling son.
xiv. When he (come) domicile, he (see) that something (happen) to his daughter.
15. While he (read) this notice a middle-anile woman (appear) in the doorway.
16. She (sit) at the table only five minutes when a automobile (come).
17. Their father (be) even so silent, fifty-fifty when they (accept) java.
eighteen. Eighteen years (go) since he first (go) into this house.
nineteen. John (await) until Eliza and her brothers (get).
20. The three (sit) down to the meal that Susan (prepare).
21. I (not exist) hither x minutes before they (come up) in.
Exercise 52
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.
1. He (requite) me back the book, (give thanks) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; only I (know) that he (not read) information technology because virtually of the pages (be) still uncut.
2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) domicile every bit he (not have) to be at the airport till 9:xxx.
three. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (practice) that for him and his case (be) gear up in the hall.
4. He (non have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife ever (do) that before she (leave) the firm.
5. All he (take) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the stop he (decide) not to.
6. At 8:xxx he (selection) up his example, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front end door.
8. When he (search) all his pockets and (discover) no fundamental he (remember) where it (be).
9. He (get out) it in his overcoat pocket.
x. Then he (call up) something else; his passport and tickets (exist) in his overcoat pocket as well.
11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (exist told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all yr round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that information technology was only raining.
12. I (ask) some other passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (non be) any fog since the previous February.
thirteen. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time.
14. However, he (tell) me that I could purchase tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Artery.
xv. He (acknowledge) that he never (buy) fog at that place himself but (assure) me that they (sell) skillful quality fog and that information technology (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at in one case that burglars (pause) in during her absenteeism, because the forepart door (be) open up and everything in the flat (be) upside downwardly.
17. The burglars themselves (exist) no longer in that location, merely they probably only simply (exit) because a cigarette was nevertheless burning on an ornamental table.
eighteen. Probably they (hear) the lift coming upwards and (run) down the fire escape.
nineteen. They (help) themselves to her whisky as well only there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink.
xx. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.
21. The jewellery (be given) her past her hubby, who (die) some years before.
22. Since his expiry she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.
23. At present information technology (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands, and certainly the insurance coin would come up in handy.
24. I (put) the $5 notation into one of my books, only next solar day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
25. A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a prophylactic pin.
26. I (call back) my train (leave) at 14:33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14:thirty and (larn) that it just (leave).
27. I (find) later that I (utilize) an out-of-date timetable.
28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come up) out of the shop ten minutes later his automobile (be) no longer there.
29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the constabulary (drive) information technology away.
30. Information technology (exist) now 6 p. m.; and Jack (exist) tired because he (piece of work) hard all solar day.
31. He (exist) also hungry because he (take) zilch to eat since breakfast.
32. His married woman unremarkably (bring) him sandwiches at lunch fourth dimension, but today for some reason she (not come up).
33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before.
34. I (wait) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man continuing on the opposite pavement watching the house.
35. When I (get upwardly) the following morning he (be) withal there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) at that place all night or of he (go) away and (come) back.
Section Seven. Future Forms
Future with will
This is besides referred to as the future simple or elementary time to come tense.
volition (�ll) + bare infinitive: I volition (I'll) become, etc.
Short grade of will not: won't
USE
� To make a statement of fact or a prediction about the hereafter: Mary will be here tomorrow. Tonight's plan volition exist very interesting.
� To make formal announcements of future plans and to present weather forecasts. Information technology is therefore oft used in newspapers and on the goggle box and radio.
The new President will motility into the White House tomorrow. Rain will proceed throughout the day.
� To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the futurity. Used after verbs like: assume, believe, doubt, wait, hope, reckon, suppose, think an6 be sure/agape and with adverbs like perhaps, maybe, probably, definitely.
I look they'll exist here before long.
Do you lot think she'll bring her beau with her?
� In sentences containing clauses of condition or time: //" / get that job, I'll go out and celebrate. I'll phone you when I get at that place.
� To express an intention when the decision is made at the time of speaking.
a: There isn't any milk left. a: Oh, isn't at that place? I'll go some in town. I'm going there later on on.
� To express the idea of willingness:
I�50 50 do it for you, I hope, (promise)
Will y'all open the window, please? (request)
I�ll l ook later on the children for you. (offer)
He won't come up with me. (refusal)
Yes. I�ll come with you. (agreement)
I�ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (determination)
Stop that or I� ll phone call the law. (threat).
� To make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, communication. instructions.
Use Shall I/we. in the Question grade.
Shall I help you with that? (offer)
Shall we invite them round for dinner? (suggestion)
What shall I do?
Shall nosotros come round later dinner?
Notation The utilize of shall
� In spoken English language. shall is most often used in the question form with I or we to make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice, instructions.
Shall I come with yous?
What shall we do tomorrow?
� Shall is occasionally used to express strong determination most oneself or someone else.
I shall go anyway.
I don't care what yous think.
I shan't permit him bello me.
You shall have whatever you desire.
� Shall can be used in the same way equally will in the commencement person but will is more than common.
In spoken English language, the wrinkle � ll is the most common. Shall is used more often in formal written English than in breezy written or spoken English.
We shall make every attempt to answer your enquiry as soon as possible.
I shall be at the aerodrome to meet you in person.
Exercise 53
Complete the following sentences with will/�ll or shall/�ll and a verb from the box.
Offering make tell accept buy drop wash denote receive exist sentenced phone carry be invite go
i. I'm sorry about losing that book. I�ll purchase you another i next week.
2. I one of those cases for you.
three. The temperature .. significantly during the afternoon.
4. .. y'all .. me when you become the news? You've got my number, oasis't you?
v. The Chancellor .. the details of the budget at ten o'clock tomorrow.
vi. ..we.. her the truth about what happened?
7. I expect they .. hither soon.
8. You lot .. your exam results by postal service during the showtime few days of Baronial.
9. I.. not .. them hither once more, whatsoever y'all say.
10. If he is found guilty, he .. to life imprisonment.
eleven. I.. never .. the same mistake again.
12. ..we.. for a swim this afternoon?
13. They definitely .. not .. me the job: I had a terrible interview.
I .. these plates?
15. I'one thousand adamant that he everything he wants.
Exercise 54
Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple. Picket the utilize of the future simple tense.
1. I (know) the result in a week.
2. You (be) in Rome tonight.
3. You (have) time to assistance me tomorrow? 4.
Do you remember that he (recognise) me?
five. I hope I (detect) information technology.
vi. I (remember) this mean solar day all my life.
7. Perhaps he (arrive) in fourth dimension for lunch.
8. I am sure that you (similar) our new house.
9. I promise he (think) to purchase bread.
10. I wonder how many of united states of america all the same (be) here next twelvemonth.
xi. Jack (be) twenty years old next week.
12. I (go) upward early tomorrow.
13. The mother (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow.
14. We (have) a holiday next calendar week.
15. Mary and her sis (vesture) their new dresses tomorrow.
16. I (practice) my homework this evening.
17. She (stay) at home tomorrow.
18. I (meet) my mother this evening.
xix. Where the children (go) in the summer vacation? � They (go) to the seaside.
20. They (stay) with us next Christmas.
Chart 17. Will Versus Be Going to
| To express a PREDICTION - either WILL or BE GOING TO is used: |
| a) According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow. b) According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. c) Be careful! Yous� ll injure yourself! d) Watch out! You� re going to injure yourself! | When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement about something southward/he thinks will be true or will occur in the future,), either volition or be going to is possible. There is no difference in pregnant between (a) and (b). There is no departure in meaning between (c ) and (d). |
| To limited a PRIOR PLAN - only Exist GOING TO is used: |
| e) A: Why did you lot buy this paint? B: I� m going to pigment my sleeping room tomorrow. f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a automobile. That�s what he told me. | When the speaker is expressing a prior programme (something the speaker intends to practice in the future considering in the past s/he has made a programme or decision to practice it), only be going to is used.* In (f): The speaker knows Bob�s intention to buy a car. Bob made the decision in the past and he intends to act on this decision in the future. Will is not appropriate in (e) and (f). |
| To express WILLINGNESS - only Will is used: |
| chiliad) A: The telephone�s ringing. B: I� ll get it h) A: I don�t empathize this trouble. B: Ask your instructor about information technology. She� ll aid you. | In (yard): B. is maxim: �I am willing, I am happy to get the phone.� He is not making a prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the phone and uses volition to show his willingness. In (h): B. feels sure about the instructor�south willingness to assist. Be going to is not advisable in (g) and (h). |
*COMPARE:
Situation one: A: Are yous busy this evening?
B: Yeah. I�m going to come across Jack at the library at seven We�re going to written report together.
In situation 1, simply be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior program, so he uses be going to.
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